Which of the following is not an effect of the Indo-China war?
1. The USSR remained neutral during the conflict
2. India had to approach South Africa for military assistance
3. The Indo-China war induced a sense of national humiliation
4. For the first time, a no-confidence motion against Nehru's government was moved and debated in the Lok Sabha

2

India had to approach South Africa for military assistance is an incorrect statement.

The Indo-China conflict had significant consequences for India domestically and internationally. India's reputation suffered both within the country and on the global stage. India had to seek military assistance from the United States and the United Kingdom to address the crisis. Despite India's close ties with the Soviet Union, the latter remained neutral during the conflict. This war brought about feelings of national humiliation while concurrently fostering a strengthened spirit of nationalism. The aftermath saw the resignation or retirement of several top army commanders, and Nehru's associate and the then Defence Minister, V. Krishna Menon, had to exit the cabinet. Nehru himself faced severe criticism for underestimating Chinese intentions and a lack of military preparedness. This period also marked a significant political shift, as a no-confidence motion against Nehru's government was introduced and debated in the Lok Sabha (the lower house of India's Parliament). Subsequently, the Congress party faced defeats in crucial by-elections to the Lok Sabha, reflecting a changing political landscape in the country.