Which of the following canal has reduced the distance between Mediterranean and Indian Ocean Trade Route?

Suez Canal

The correct answer is Option 4: Suez Canal

The Suez Canal connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea, providing a direct sea route between Europe and the Indian Ocean. It greatly reduces the distance between Europe and Asia by eliminating the need to sail around the southern tip of Africa.

NCERT: Suez canal had been constructed in 1869 in Egypt between Port Said in the north and Port Suez in the south linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It gives Europe a new gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces direct sea-route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to the Cape of Good Hope route.