Match List-I with List-II
| List-I Terms | List-II Examples |
|---|---|
| (A) Divergent evolution | (I) Eye of the octopus and mammals |
| (B) Convergent evolution | (II) Forelimbs in vertebrate animals |
| (C) Evolution by anthropogenic action | (III) Australian marsupials |
| (D) Adaptive radiation | (IV) Industrial melanization in moth |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(II), (B)-(I), (C)-(IV), (D)-(III)
(A) Divergent evolution — this matches (II) Forelimbs in vertebrate animals. The forelimbs of whales, bats, cheetahs and humans have the same bones (humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges) but do different jobs. One structure of a common ancestor changed to suit different needs. Such homologous organs show divergent evolution.
(B) Convergent evolution — this matches (I) Eye of the octopus and mammals. The two eyes do the same job, but they are built differently and come from different ancestors. Such analogous organs show that unrelated groups came to look alike.
(C) Evolution by anthropogenic action — this matches (IV) Industrial melanization in moth. Anthropogenic means caused by humans. After industries blackened the tree trunks with soot, the dark moths were less easily seen by birds and became common. Human action changed the environment, and natural selection did the rest.
(D) Adaptive radiation — this matches (III) Australian marsupials. From one ancestral stock, many different marsupials such as the kangaroo, koala and wombat arose. Each spread into a different habitat of the same continent.