Who among the following is best known as the Chief Architect of the Indian Atomic Energy Program?

Homi Jehangir Bhabha

The correct answer is Option (2) → Homi Jehangir Bhabha

Homi Jehangir Bhabha (1909–1966) is widely recognized as the chief architect and father of the Indian Atomic Energy Program. He founded key institutions like the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) in 1945 and the Atomic Energy Establishment, Trombay (later renamed Bhabha Atomic Research Centre or BARC in his honor). He served as the first chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission (established in 1948) and secretary of the Department of Atomic Energy.

Bhabha convinced Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru to initiate a nuclear program, devised India's three-stage nuclear strategy (focusing on thorium reserves), and laid the foundations for both peaceful nuclear energy and strategic capabilities.

• C.V. Raman: Nobel laureate for the Raman effect (physics of light scattering).
• Meghnad N. Saha: Known for the Saha ionization equation (astrophysics).
• Vikram Sarabhai: Father of the Indian space program (founded ISRO).