Which of the following statement is NOT true about the second phase of green revolution?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → Farmers switched to Multi-crop system from Mono-crop system
Option (1) Increasing dependence on market — True. In the dry and semi-arid regions of the second phase, commercialisation and dependence on the market increased; farmers who once grew food for their own use now depend on the market for their incomes.
Option (2) Farmers switched to Multi-crop system from Mono-crop system — False. The change went the other way. Farmers switched from a multi-crop system, which allowed them to spread risks, to a mono-crop regime, with nothing to fall back on if the crop failed. The option swaps the two terms, and a true line becomes false. Read which way a change runs before you mark it.
Option (3) Green revolution resulted in increased regional inequalities — True. The areas that took up the new technology became more developed while others stagnated, so the Green Revolution worsened regional inequalities.
Option (4) Increased risks for farmers — True. Where a single crop is grown for the market, a fall in prices or a bad crop can spell financial ruin, so livelihood insecurity increased rather than fell.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences … The second phase of the Green Revolution which began in 1980s, farmers living in the dry and semi-arid regions of India began following Green Revolution cultivation practices. In these areas there has been a significant shift from dry to wet (irrigated) cultivation, along with changes in the cropping pattern and type of crops grown. Increasing commercialisation and dependence on the market in these areas (for instance, where cotton cultivation has been promoted) has increased rather than reduced livelihood insecurity, as farmers who once grew food for consumption now depend on the market for the incomes. In marketoriented cultivation, especially where a single crop is grown, a fall in prices or a bad crop can spell financial ruin for farmers. In most of the Green Revolution areas, farmers have switched from a multi-crop system, which allowed them to spread risks, to a mono-crop regime, which means that there is nothing to fall back on in case of crop failure. Another negative outcome of the Green Revolution strategy was the worsening of regional inequalities. The areas that underwent this technological transformation became more developed while other areas stagnated.…” |