Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

The correct answer is Option (1) - A-II, B-I, C-IV, D-III

Explanation:

In the elections of 1971, Congress had given the slogan of Garibi Hatao (remove poverty) which was popularised by Indira Gandhi in her 1971 Lok Sabha elections. However, the social and economic condition in the country did not improve much after 1971-72. The Bangladesh crisis of 1971 had put a heavy strain on India’s economy. About eight million people crossed over the East Pakistan border into India. This was followed by war with Pakistan. After the war, the U.S. government stopped all aid to India.

In March 1974 students came together in Bihar to protest against rising prices, food scarcity, unemployment and corruption. After a point they invited Jayaprakash Narayan (JP), who had given up active politics and was involved in social work, to lead the student movement. He accepted it on the condition that the movement will remain non-violent and will not limit itself to Bihar. Thus the students’ movement assumed a political character and had national appeal. People from all walks of life now entered the movement. Jayaprakash Narayan demanded the dismissal of the Congress government in Bihar and gave a call for total revolution in the social, economic and political spheres in order to establish what he considered to be true democracy.

Charu Mazumdar (1918-1972) was a prominent communist revolutionary known for his leadership in the Naxalbari uprising. He later disassociated from the Communist Party of India (CPI) and went on to establish the Communist Party of India (Marxist-Leninist). Charu Mazumdar advocated for the Maoist approach, emphasizing peasant rebellion, and staunchly supported revolutionary violence. Tragically, he met his demise while in police custody. In 1967 a peasant uprising took place in the Naxalbari police station area of the Darjeeling Hills district in West Bengal under the leadership of the local cadres of the Communist Party of India (Marxist). Beginning from the Naxalbari police station, the peasant movement spread to several states of India and came to be referred to broadly as the Naxalite movement.

The National Coordination Committee for Railwaymen’s Struggle led by George Fernandes gave a call for a nationwide strike by all employees of the Railways for pressing their demands related to bonuses and service conditions. The government was opposed to these demands. So, the employees of India’s largest public sector undertaking went on a strike in May 1974. The strike by the Railway employees added to the atmosphere of labor unrest. It also raised issues like the rights of the workers and whether employees of essential services should adopt measures like strikes.