What is the role of earthworms in decomposition?

They break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances.

The correct answer is a) They break down complex organic matter into inorganic substances.

Earthworms play a crucial role in decomposition by breaking down complex organic matter, such as dead plant remains and animal fecal matter, into simpler inorganic substances. As they consume detritus, earthworms fragment it into smaller particles through their digestive processes. This fragmentation increases the surface area available for microbial activity, facilitating decomposition.

During digestion, earthworms release enzymes that help in the breakdown of organic matter. These enzymes break down the detritus into simpler compounds, including inorganic substances like carbon dioxide, water, and nutrients. Through their feeding and digestion processes, earthworms contribute to the decomposition of organic matter and the release of inorganic nutrients into the soil.

While earthworms also help in the loosening of the soil (option b), their primary role in decomposition is the breakdown of complex organic matter into inorganic substances. They do not directly facilitate leaching of water-soluble inorganic nutrients.