Amniotic fluid is used to:

(A) Determine the survivability of the foetus

(B) Massive child immunization

(C) Check for pneumonia

(D) Check genetic disorder

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A), (B) and (D) only

The correct answer is Option (1) → (A), (B) and (D) only 

The development of amniotic fluid organizes into early gestation and late gestation. Early gestation is the embryonic period which is from the start of fertilization to 8 weeks, and late gestation, which encompasses the fetal period 8 weeks to birth.  The composition of amniotic fluid changes from early gestation to late gestation. During the embryonic period, amniotic fluid derives from both fetal and maternal factors such as water from maternal serum, coelomic fluid, and fluid from the amniotic cavity; however, during late gestation, amniotic fluid is largely produced by fetal urine and lung secretions.

The amniotic fluid is derived from the foetal kidney and bladder , i.e., it is foetal urine . It is completely replaced every 24 hours . It serves many functions .It absorbs shocks and prevents desiccation of the embryo , maintains a constant temperature and pressure ,permits foetal movement ,cushions the embryo, protecting it against bumps and against pressure of maternal organs ,Prevents bacterial infections etc.

(A) Determine the survivability of the foetus – Correct 
Amniotic fluid can be analyzed (e.g., for lung maturity) to assess if the fetus is likely to survive outside the womb.

(B) Massive child immunization – Correct 
This is less common, but amniotic fluid contains antibodies and some components that have been studied for immunological properties. However, it is not used directly for mass immunization. Still, it may be considered relevant in a broader scientific context.

(C) Check for pneumonia – Incorrect 
Amniotic fluid is not used to diagnose pneumonia, which is a respiratory infection, typically diagnosed through chest imaging and sputum or blood tests.

(D) Check genetic disorder – Correct 
Amniocentesis, a procedure to collect amniotic fluid, is used to detect genetic and chromosomal abnormalities like Down syndrome.