Read the passage carefully and answer the questions based on the passage:

Over time, a middle class adivasi intellectual leadership emerged that formulated the demand for a separate state and lobbied for it in India and abroad. Adivasi experiences of marginalisation and their sense of injustice were mobilised to create a shared Jharkhandi identity and inspire collective action that eventually led to the formation of a separate state. The issues against which the leaders of the movement in Jharkhand agitated were:

• acquisition of land for large irrigation projects and firing ranges;
• survey and settlement operations, which were held up, camps closed down, etc.
• collection of loans, rent and cooperative dues, which were resisted;
• nationalisation of forest produce which they boycotted

On what grounds are tribal identities formed today?

Interactional

The correct answer is Option (2) → Interactional

Forced incorporation of tribal communities into mainstream processes has had its impact on tribal culture and society as much as its economy. Tribal identities today are formed by this interactional process rather than any primordial (orginal, ancient) characteristics peculiar to tribes. Because the interaction with the mainstream has generally been on terms unfavourable to the tribal communities, many tribal identities today are centred on ideas of resistance and opposition to the overwhelming force of the non-tribal world.