Who among the following rulers inscribed his messages to his subjects and officials on stone surfaces?

Ashoka

The correct answer is Option 1- Ashoka

Ashoka was the third ruler of the Maurya Empire in ancient India. He is known for his inscriptions on stone surfaces, which are the earliest surviving written records in India. These inscriptions are called edicts, and they contain messages about Ashoka's policies and beliefs.

Ashoka's edicts are found throughout India, as well as in modern-day Nepal and Pakistan. They are written in a variety of languages and scripts, including Prakrit and Brahmi. Ashoka's edicts provide valuable insights into his reign and the Maurya Empire.

The other rulers listed in the question, Chandragupta I, Bindusara, and Chandragupta Maurya, did not inscribe their messages on stone surfaces. Chandragupta I was the founder of the Maurya Empire, and Bindusara was Ashoka's father.