Who among the following had written Kitab-ul-Hind that gave an incisive description of early 11th-century India?

Al-Biruni

The correct answer is Option 2- Al-Biruni

Al-Biruni wrote Kitab-ul-Hind, which gives an incisive description of early 11th century India.

Al-Biruni was a Persian scholar who lived from 973 to 1048. He was a polymath, meaning that he was knowledgeable in many different fields, including mathematics, astronomy, physics, geography, and history. He was also a master of languages and spoke Arabic, Persian, Hebrew, Syriac, Greek, and Sanskrit.

Al-Biruni traveled to India in 1017 and spent the next 16 years there. He studied Indian culture, religion, and philosophy in great depth. He also learned Sanskrit and translated several Indian texts into Arabic.

Kitab-ul-Hind (Book of India) is a comprehensive account of India in the early 11th century. It covers a wide range of topics, including Indian history, geography, religion, philosophy, mathematics, astronomy, and medicine. The book is divided into 80 chapters and is written in a clear and concise style.

Kitab-ul-Hind is an invaluable source of information about early 11th century India. It is also a testament to Al-Biruni's scholarship and his deep respect for Indian culture.