Which of the following is not an element of directing function of management?

Centralisation

The correct answer is Option (3) → Centralisation

Centralisation → Not an element of directing; it is related to organisation structure (the extent to which decision-making authority is concentrated at top levels).

The universally accepted four core elements of the Directing function are:

1. Motivation: The process of stimulating people to action to accomplish desired goals.

2. Supervision: The process of overseeing the work of subordinates to ensure they are working according to plan.

3. Leadership: The process of influencing the behavior of people to work enthusiastically toward the achievement of goals.

4. Communication: The process of transferring information, ideas, feelings, and instructions from one person to another.