Identify the features of psychological disorders:
A. Deviant
B. Dependent
C. Distress
D. Distraction
E. Danger
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A, C, E
Most definitions of abnormality share the ‘four Ds’: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger.
A. Deviant Correct. Disordered behaviour is different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre.
B. Dependent Incorrect. Being dependent on others is not one of the four Ds. The ‘D’ it is mixed up with is dysfunction.
C. Distress Correct. Disorders are unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others.
D. Distraction Incorrect. Distraction is not one of the four Ds; the fourth feature is dysfunction, which means interfering with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way.
E. Danger Correct. Disordered behaviour may be dangerous to the person or to others.
NCERT (2025-26): “Concepts of Abnormality and Psychological Disorders … Although many definitions of abnormality have been used over the years, none has won universal acceptance. Still, most definitions have certain common features, often called the ‘four Ds’: deviance, distress, dysfunction and danger. That is, psychological disorders are deviant (different, extreme, unusual, even bizarre), distressing (unpleasant and upsetting to the person and to others), dysfunctional (interfering with the person’s ability to carry out daily activities in a constructive way), and possibly dangerous (to the person or to others).…” |