In demography, which term names the rate of population growth at whic…

The correct answer is Option (2) → Replacement level

Option (1) Rate of natural increase — Incorrect. The rate of natural increase is the difference between the birth rate and the death rate. It can take any value; only when it falls to zero or near zero does it match the level at which generations replace each other.

Option (2) Replacement level — Correct. The replacement level is the rate of growth needed for new generations to replace the older ones that are dying out. It is reached when the birth rate and the death rate are nearly equal.

Option (3) Dependency ratio — Incorrect. The dependency ratio compares the dependents, those below 15 and above 64 years, with the working-age group of 15 to 64 years. It is a measure of the age structure of a population and gives no measure of generations replacing each other.

Option (4) Demographic dividend — Incorrect. The demographic dividend is the gain a country gets from a large share of working-age people. It describes age structure and gives no measure of generations replacing each other.