Read the given passage carefully and answer the following question :
Just as any building is supported by pillars, the idea of human development is supported by the concepts of equity, sustainability, productivity and empowerment.
Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste. Yet this is very often not the case and happens in almost every society.
Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations.
Productivity here means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. Ultimately, it is people who are the real wealth of nations. Therefore, efforts to increase their knowledge, or provide better health facilities ultimately leads to better work efficiency.
Empowerment means to have the power to make choices. Such power comes from increasing freedom and capability. Good governance and people-oriented policies are required to empower people. The empowerment of socially and economically disadvantaged groups is of special importance.
Which of the following is NOT an approach of Human development?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Industrialisation approach
There are four main approaches to human development: the income, welfare, basic needs and capability approaches.
Option (1) Income approach — An approach of human development. It is one of the oldest approaches. It links the level of human development with the level of income.
Option (2) Basic Needs approach — An approach of human development. It was first proposed by the International Labour Organisation (ILO). It identified six basic needs: health, education, food, water supply, sanitation and housing.
Option (3) Industrialisation approach — Not an approach of human development. There is no such approach.
Option (4) Welfare approach — An approach of human development. It looks at people as beneficiaries of development and asks for higher government spending on education, health and amenities.
NCERT (2026-27):
Table 3.1: Approaches to Human Development |
