Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
| A. Genetic engineering | I. Controls the copy number of the linked DNA |
| B. Bioprocess engineering | II. Maintenance of a sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience so that only the desired microbe grows in large quantities |
| C. Selectable marker | III. Alters the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA) and introduces it into host organisms |
| D. Origin of replication (ori) | IV. Helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Genetic engineering and bioprocess engineering are the two core techniques behind modern biotechnology. The first changes the DNA and puts it into a host; the second grows that host in bulk without contamination. The origin of replication and the selectable marker are two of the features a cloning vector needs.
(A) Genetic engineering — this matches (III) Alters the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA) and introduces it into host organisms. In this way the phenotype of the host organism is changed.
(B) Bioprocess engineering — this matches (II) Maintenance of a sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience so that only the desired microbe grows in large quantities. Products like antibiotics, vaccines and enzymes are made this way.
(C) Selectable marker — this matches (IV) Helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants. Genes for resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin or tetracycline are the usual markers in E. coli.
(D) Origin of replication (ori) — this matches (I) Controls the copy number of the linked DNA. Replication starts from ori, so a vector whose ori supports a high copy number gives many copies of the target DNA.
NCERT Extract:
Principles of Biotechnology – “(i) Genetic engineering : Techniques to alter the chemistry of genetic material (DNA and RNA), to introduce these into host organisms and thus change the phenotype of the host organism. (ii) Bioprocess engineering: Maintenance of sterile (microbial contamination-free) ambience in chemical engineering processes to enable growth of only the desired microbe/eukaryotic cell in large quantities for the manufacture of biotechnological products like antibiotics, vaccines, enzymes, etc.”
Cloning Vectors – “(i) Origin of replication (ori) : This is a sequence from where replication starts and any piece of DNA when linked to this sequence can be made to replicate within the host cells. This sequence is also responsible for controlling the copy number of the linked DNA. … (ii) Selectable marker : In addition to ‘ori’, the vector requires a selectable marker, which helps in identifying and eliminating non-transformants and selectively permitting the growth of the transformants.”