Match List-I with List-II:
| List-I | List-II |
| (A) Antisense RNA | (I) cry gene |
| (B) α-1-antitrypsin | (II) Vector carrying nematode-specific genes |
| (C) Agrobacterium | (III) Treat emphysema |
| (D) Bacillus thuringiensis | (IV) Meloidogyne incognita |
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → A-IV, B-III, C-II, D-I
(A) Antisense RNA — this matches (IV) Meloidogyne incognita. This nematode infects tobacco roots. Transgenic tobacco makes both sense and anti-sense RNA of nematode genes; the two form dsRNA, which starts RNA interference and silences the nematode’s mRNA, so the parasite cannot survive.
(B) α-1-antitrypsin — this matches (III) Treat emphysema. It is a human protein made by transgenic animals and used to treat emphysema, a lung disease.
(C) Agrobacterium — this matches (II) Vector carrying nematode-specific genes. Agrobacterium vectors were used to introduce the nematode-specific genes into the tobacco plant.
(D) Bacillus thuringiensis — this matches (I) cry gene. This bacterium makes the Bt toxin, which is coded by genes named cry. These genes are put into crops such as cotton to make them resistant to insect pests.
NCERT Extract:
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture – “… Specific Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into the several crop plants such as cotton (Figure 10.1). The choice of genes depends upon the crop and the targeted pest, as most Bt toxins are insect-group specific. The toxin is coded by a gene cryIAc named cry.”
Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture – “… A nematode Meloidegyne incognitia infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great reduction in yield. … Using Agrobacterium vectors, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plant (Figure 10.2). The introduction of DNA was such that it produced both sense and anti-sense RNA in the host cells. These two RNA’s being complementary to each other formed a double stranded (dsRNA) that initiated RNAi and thus, silenced the specific mRNA of the nematode.”
Transgenic Animals – “… (iii) Biological products: Medicines required to treat certain human diseases can contain biological products, but such products are often expensive to make. Transgenic animals that produce useful biological products can be created by the introduction of the portion of DNA (or genes) which codes for a particular product such as human protein (α-1-antitrypsin) used to treat emphysema.”