Statements I :Using conventional methods of diagnosis (serum and urine analysis, etc), early detection is possible.

Statements II :PCR is now routinely used to detect HIV in suspected AIDS patients.

Only statement II is correct .

Only statement II is correct .

Early diagnosis and understanding the pathophysiology of a disease are crucial for effective treatment. Conventional diagnostic methods, such as serum and urine analysis, may not always lead to early detection. However, modern techniques like Recombinant DNA technology, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (ELISA) have proven effective in achieving early diagnosis.

Typically, the presence of a pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.) is suspected only after disease symptoms have manifested. By this time, the pathogen concentration in the body is already high. However, PCR, a sensitive molecular technique, enables the detection of even low concentrations of pathogens before visible symptoms appear. PCR has become a routine tool in diagnosing HIV in suspected AIDS patients and identifying mutations in genes among suspected cancer patients. Moreover, PCR is a valuable technique for identifying various genetic disorders.

In summary, early diagnosis through advanced molecular techniques, like PCR, plays a vital role in effectively managing diseases and improving patient outcomes. These innovative methods allow healthcare professionals to detect diseases at an early stage, leading to timely and appropriate treatments, which can significantly impact patient prognosis.