The first modern industries in India were:
(A) Sugarcane
(B) Jute
(C) Coal mines
(D) Railways
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (B), (C), (D) only
(A) Sugarcane Incorrect. Sugarcane is a crop, and sugar making is not among the first modern industries of India, which were cotton, jute, coal mines and railways.
(B) Jute Correct. Jute was one of the first modern industries, and its mill workers in Calcutta were among those who struck work in 1917.
(C) Coal mines Correct. Coal mines were among the first modern industries; mining was later one of the ‘commanding heights of the economy’ taken over by the government at independence.
(D) Railways Correct. The railways were among the first modern industries of India.
Note: The section ‘Industrialisation in the Early Years of Indian Independence’ of the chapter ‘Change and Development in Industrial Society’, which names the first modern industries, was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023. This portion has been deleted from the NCERT book (2025-26), though the chapter is still there.
NCERT: Social Change and Development in India — Chapter 5: Change and Development in Industrial Society (Pre-rationalised)
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