According to M.S.A. Rao, industrial towns like Bhilai influenced the urbanisation process by:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → reordering relationships between native villagers and migrant workers
Option (1) giving rise to metropolitan cities — Incorrect. The growth of metropolitan cities is Rao’s third kind of urban impact, in which surrounding villages are absorbed or their land used for urban development. It is not the effect of an industrial town like Bhilai.
Option (2) reordering relationships between native villagers and migrant workers — Correct. When an industrial town like Bhilai comes up in the midst of villages, some villages are uprooted and the lands of others partly acquired. These villages receive an influx of immigrant workers, which creates a demand for houses and a market inside the village and problems of ordering relationships between the native residents and the immigrants.
Option (3) de-industrialisation of neighbouring towns — Incorrect. De-industrialisation is the decline of industry. An industrial town brings industry into a region; it does not take it away.
Option (4) promoting out-migration from the region — Incorrect. Bhilai drew migrant workers into the villages around it; the movement was into the region, not out of it.
NCERT (2025-26): “Urbanisation in Independent India … Writing on the different kinds of urbanisation witnesses in the first two decades after independence sociologist M.S.A. Rao argued that in India many villages all over India are becoming increasingly subject to the impact of urban influences. But the nature of urban impact varies according to the kind of relations a village has with a city or town. He describes three different situations of urban impact as mentioned in the box.”
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