According to sociologist Satish Saberwal the three aspects to modern framework of change in colonial India.
(A) Railways
(B) Modes of communication
(C) Dhaka movement
(D) Nature of ideas
(E) Forms of organisation
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (A), (B), (D) only
(2) (B), (C), (D) only
(3) (B), (D), (E) only
(4) (C), (D), (E) only
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → (B), (D), (E) only
(A) Railways Incorrect. Railways were one of the new technologies within the modes of communication: the printing press, telegraph, microphone, steamship and railways helped the quick movement of new ideas. They are an example inside an aspect, not an aspect of their own.
(B) Modes of communication Correct. Saberwal names modes of communication as the first aspect; new technologies speeded up communication, so that reformers of Punjab and Bengal exchanged ideas with those of Madras and Maharashtra.
(C) Dhaka movement Incorrect. No movement of this name is part of Saberwal’s framework; his three aspects are all broad features of the modern context, not a movement in one city.
(D) Nature of ideas Correct. The nature of ideas is the third aspect: new ideas of liberalism and freedom, of homemaking and marriage, and new roles for mothers and daughters.
(E) Forms of organisation Correct. Forms of organisation is the second aspect: modern social organisations like the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and the Arya Samaj in Punjab were set up.
NCERT (2025-26): “2.1 Social reform movements in the 19th and early 20th century … Sociologist Satish Saberwal elaborates upon the modern context by sketching three aspects to the modern framework of change in colonial India:
“New technologies speeded up various forms of communication. The printing press, telegraph, and later the microphone, movement of people and goods through steamship and railways helped quick movement of new ideas.…” “…Modern social organisations like the Brahmo Samaj in Bengal and Arya Samaj in Punjab were set up.…” |