Which of the following statements is not correct with respect to the nature of evolution of Congress?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → The Congress began as a party dominated by non-English speaking, lower caste, lower middle class and urban elite.
Option (1) The Congress evolved from its origins in 1885 as a pressure group to a mass movement in the 20th century. True.
Option (2) The Congress began as a party dominated by non-English speaking, lower caste, lower middle class and urban elite. False. The Congress began as a party dominated by the English speaking, upper caste, upper middle-class and urban elite; NTA reversed three of the four descriptions; ‘urban elite’ is unchanged.
Option (3) With every civil disobedience movement, the social base of the Congress became widened. True.
Option (4) By the time of Independence, the Congress transformed into a rainbow-like social coalition. True. It broadly represented India’s diversity of classes, castes, religions and languages.
NCERT: Politics in India since Independence — Chapter 2: Era of One-party Dominance (2025-26)
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