Who served as the Chairperson of the Planning Commission after India's independence?

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru

Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru was the first Prime Minister of India. When the Planning Commission was formed the Prime Minister became its chairperson. Thus, Pt. Nehru became its first Chairperson.

The Planning Commission:
The Planning Commission was set up in March 1950 by a simple resolution of the Government of India.
The Prime Minister was its Chairperson.
It became the most influential & central machinery for deciding what path & strategy India would adopt for its development.
It had an advisory role and its recommendations became effective only when the Union Cabinet approved these.
The Government of India replaced the Planning Commission with a new institution named NITI Aayog.
NITI Aayog stands for National Institution for Transforming India.
The NITI Aayog came into existence on 1 January 2015.