Which of the following, already present in China before its reforms, are said to have helped improve its social and income indicators in the post-reform period?
(A) Infrastructure in the areas of education and health
(B) Land reforms
(C) Long existence of centralised planning
(D) Existence of small enterprises
(E) Special economic zones
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (B) and (D) only
Some things China built before its reforms helped its social and income indicators later.
(A) Infrastructure in the areas of education and health — Correct. China had built education and health infrastructure before the reforms.
(B) Land reforms — Correct. Land reforms were part of this pre-reform base.
(C) Long existence of centralised planning — Incorrect. It was the long existence of decentralised planning that helped.
(D) Existence of small enterprises — Correct. Small enterprises already existed and helped.
(E) Special economic zones — Incorrect. SEZs were set up as part of the reforms, to attract foreign investors; they were not there before.
NCERT (2026-27): “8.6 Development Strategies — an Appraisal … It was found that establishment of infrastructure in the areas of education and health, land reforms, long existence of decentralised planning and existence of small enterprises had helped positively in improving the social and income indicators in the post reform period. …” “8.2 Developmental Path—a Snapshot View … Over the years, as production increased, the proportion of goods or inputs transacted in the market also increased. In order to attract foreign investors, special economic zones were set up.” |