Which of the following correctly links a step taken by China with its result?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → Collective ownership of land with individual cultivation → social security in rural areas
China kept land under collective ownership but let individuals cultivate it. Every rural household thus had land to live on, which gave social security in rural areas.
Option (1) Collective ownership of land with individual cultivation → social security in rural areas — Correct. This is the link NCERT draws.
Option (2) Privatising its public sector enterprises → additional social and economic opportunities — Incorrect. It is India and Pakistan that are privatising. China created new opportunities through the market mechanism.
Option (3) Using the market system for growth → loss of its political commitment — Incorrect. China used the market system without losing political commitment, and raised growth while reducing poverty.
Option (4) Introducing the one-child norm → fewer elderly people in proportion to the young — Incorrect. The result is the opposite: in a few decades China will have more elderly people in proportion to young people.
NCERT (2026-27): “8.7 Conclusion … You will also notice that unlike India and Pakistan, which are attempting to privatise their public sector enterprises, China has used the market mechanism to ‘create additional social and economic opportunities’. By retaining collective ownership of land and allowing individuals to cultivate lands, China has ensured social security in rural areas. …” “… One-child norm and the resultant arrest in the growth of population also have other implications. For instance, after a few decades, in China, there will be more elderly people in proportion to young people. This led China to allow couples to have two children. …” |