A sociologist notes the rapid growth of rural labour in which workers leave their villages for farms in other regions during the busy season. This change is linked mainly to which of the following?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → Commercialisation of agriculture
Option (1) Abolition of the zamindari system — Incorrect. Abolition of the zamindari system removed the layer of intermediaries between the cultivators and the state. It was a land reform measure about ownership, so it does not explain workers moving to farms in other regions each season.
Option (2) Implementation of land ceiling laws — Incorrect. Land ceiling laws fixed an upper limit on the land one family could own, so that surplus land could go to the landless. This was a step to share land more fairly, and it does not explain seasonal travel to distant farms.
Option (3) Commercialisation of agriculture — Correct. The growth of migrant agricultural labour is linked to the commercialisation of agriculture. As farming became market-oriented, prosperous Green Revolution regions needed more hands in the busy season, so workers circulate between their home villages and those areas.
Option (4) Diversification of rich farmers into business — Incorrect. Rich farmers moving into business is how old landed groups in fast-growing farm areas became a rural-urban dominant class. This describes a change among landowners, and it does not explain why labourers leave their villages.
NCERT (2026-27): “4.5 Circulation of Labour |