Match List-I (Change in Green Revolution areas) with List-II (Group).…

Match List-I (Change in Green Revolution areas) with List-II (Group).

List-I	List-II
(A) Introduction of tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters displaced them	(I) Peasants
(B) Landowners began to cultivate land directly, which displaced them	(II) Medium and large farmers
(C) Primarily they were able to benefit from the new technology	(III) Service caste groups
(D) They produce primarily for themselves and not for the market	(IV) Tenant-cultivators

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Introduction of tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters displaced them	(III) Service caste groups	Tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters took over farm work once done by service caste groups. So these groups lost their place in village farming.
(B) Landowners began to cultivate land directly, which displaced them	(IV) Tenant-cultivators	Landowners found farming more profitable and took land back from their tenants to cultivate it directly. This pushed tenant-cultivators off the land.
(C) Primarily they were able to benefit from the new technology	(II) Medium and large farmers	The new inputs were expensive. Medium and large farmers could afford them, so they gained the most from the new technology.
(D) They produce primarily for themselves and not for the market	(I) Peasants	Agriculturists who produce mainly for their own needs and not for the market practise subsistence agriculture. They are called peasants.

NCERT (2026-27): “4.3 The Green Revolution and its Social Consequences …
In most of the Green Revolution areas, it was primarily the medium and large farmers who were able to benefit from the new technology. This was because inputs were expensive, and small and marginal farmers could not afford to spend as much as large farmers to purchase these inputs. When agriculturists produce primarily for themselves and are unable to produce for the market, it is known as ‘subsistence agriculture’ and they are usually termed ‘peasants’. Agriculturists or farmers are those who are able to produce surplus, over and above the needs of the family, and so are linked to the market. It was the farmers who were able to produce a surplus for the market who were able to reap the most benefits from the Green Revolution and from the commercialisation of agriculture that followed.”

“Thus, in the first phase of the Green Revolution, in the 1960s and 1970s, the introduction of new technology seemed to be increasing inequalities in rural society. Green Revolution crops were highly profitable, mainly because they yielded more produce. Well-to-do farmers who had access to land, capital, technology, and know-how, and those who could invest in the new seeds and fertilisers, could increase their production and earn more money. However, in many cases it led to the displacement of tenant-cultivators. For landowners began to take back land from their tenants and cultivate it directly because cultivation was becoming more profitable. This made the rich farmers better off, and worsened the condition of the landless and marginal holders.”

“In addition, the introduction of machinery such as tillers, tractors, threshers, and harvesters (in areas such as Punjab and parts of Madhya Pradesh) led to the displacement of the service caste groups who used to carry out these agriculture-related activities. This process of displacement also increased the pace of rural-urban migration.”

Match List-I (Change in Green Revolution areas) with List-II (Group).

List-I	List-II
(A) Introduction of tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters displaced them	(I) Peasants
(B) Landowners began to cultivate land directly, which displaced them	(II) Medium and large farmers
(C) Primarily they were able to benefit from the new technology	(III) Service caste groups
(D) They produce primarily for themselves and not for the market	(IV) Tenant-cultivators

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 1

The correct answer is Option (1) → A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Introduction of tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters displaced them	(III) Service caste groups	Tillers, tractors, threshers and harvesters took over farm work once done by service caste groups. So these groups lost their place in village farming.
(B) Landowners began to cultivate land directly, which displaced them	(IV) Tenant-cultivators	Landowners found farming more profitable and took land back from their tenants to cultivate it directly. This pushed tenant-cultivators off the land.
(C) Primarily they were able to benefit from the new technology	(II) Medium and large farmers	The new inputs were expensive. Medium and large farmers could afford them, so they gained the most from the new technology.
(D) They produce primarily for themselves and not for the market	(I) Peasants	Agriculturists who produce mainly for their own needs and not for the market practise subsistence agriculture. They are called peasants.