Read the passage carefully and answer the questions given below.
Our immune system plays the major role in preventing diseases when we are exposed to disease-causing agents. Immunity is of two types: (i) Innate immunity and (ii) Acquired immunity. The human immune system consists of lymphoid organs, tissues, cells and soluble molecules like antibodies. The immune system also plays an important role in allergic reactions, auto-immune diseases and organ transplantation. The primary lymphoid organs are bone marrow and thymus. The secondary lymphoid organs are spleen, lymph nodes, tonsils, Peyer's patches of small intestine and appendix. There is lymphoid tissue also located within the lining of the major tracts (respiratory, digestive and urogenital tracts) called mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT). It is important to note that HIV/AIDS is not spread by mere touch or physical contact it spreads only through body fluids. AIDS has no cure, prevention is the best option. Adolescence is accompanied by several biological and behavioural changes and surveys and statistics show that use of drugs and alcohol has been on the rise especially among the youth. Factors associated with drug and alcohol abuse among adolescents are a child's natural curiosity, stress, the perception among youth that it is 'cool' or progressive to smoke, media exposure and an unstable or unsupportive family structures and peer pressure. It is best to identify the situations that may push an adolescent towards use of drugs or alcohol, and to take remedial measures well in time.
Find the incorrect statement about human health and disease.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → AIDS is a congenital disease.
Option (1) Allergens are antigens. — A correct statement. Allergens such as pollen, dust mites and animal dander are antigens to which the body over-reacts, making IgE antibodies.
Option (2) Most pathogens are parasites. — A correct statement. Disease-causing organisms (bacteria, viruses, protozoans, worms) mostly live in or on the human body and harm it, which is what parasites do.
Option (3) AIDS is a congenital disease. — An incorrect statement. A congenital disease is present from birth. AIDS is acquired during the lifetime of a person, as the ‘A’ in its name says.
Option (4) Bone marrow and thymus are primary lymphoid organs. — A correct statement. Lymphocytes are formed and matured in the primary lymphoid organs: B cells in the bone marrow, T cells in the thymus.
Note: The passage is taken from NCERT. NTA has put lines of the NCERT text together to make it. Most CUET (UG) questions come straight from NCERT, so study the book line by line, including figures and their titles.
NCERT Extract:
Immune System in the Body – …
