What is a 'Kupamanduka' described in the ancient Sanskrit texts?
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
We can find a warning against isolationism in a parable about a well-frog- the ‘kupamanduka’-
that persistently recurs in several old Sanskrit texts…The kupamanduka is a frog that lives its
whole life within a well, knows nothing else, and is suspicious of everything outside it. It talks to
no one, and argues with no one on anything. It merely harbours the deepest suspicion of the
outside world. The scientific, cultural and economic history of the world would have been very
limited indeed had we lived like well-frog