What is the name of the layer/blanket of air around the earth? 

Atmosphere

The correct answer is option 1. Atmosphere.

The atmosphere is a layer or blanket of air that surrounds the Earth. It is composed of a mixture of gases and other particles that are held in place by the Earth's gravitational pull. The atmosphere plays a crucial role in supporting life on Earth and influencing various environmental processes.

1. Composition:

The Earth's atmosphere is primarily composed of nitrogen (about 78%), oxygen (about 21%), argon (about 0.93%), and trace amounts of other gases, including carbon dioxide, neon, helium, methane, krypton, hydrogen, and more.

2. Layers of the Atmosphere:

The atmosphere is divided into several layers based on temperature changes with altitude. These layers, from the Earth's surface outward, are the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

• Troposphere:  The layer closest to the Earth's surface where weather events occur.
• Stratosphere:  Contains the ozone layer, which absorbs and protects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• Mesosphere: The layer where meteors burn up upon entering the Earth's atmosphere.
• Thermosphere:  Characterized by high temperatures and the presence of ions and free electrons.
• Exosphere: The outermost layer, where the atmosphere gradually transitions into outer space.

3. Functions and Importance:

• Supports Life:  The atmosphere provides the essential gases needed for life, particularly oxygen for respiration.
• Moderates Temperature:  The atmosphere helps regulate the Earth's temperature by trapping and redistributing heat.
• Protects from Solar Radiation:  The ozone layer in the stratosphere shields the Earth from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
• Weather and Climate: The atmosphere plays a crucial role in weather patterns, climate, and the water cycle.

4. Dynamic and Ever-Changing:

The atmosphere is dynamic, constantly in motion, and subject to changes in temperature, pressure, and humidity. This dynamism leads to the formation of weather systems, precipitation, and atmospheric phenomena.

In summary, the atmosphere is the layer of air surrounding the Earth, consisting of various gases and layers with distinct characteristics. It is vital for the sustenance of life, regulates the Earth's temperature, and influences weather and climate patterns. The study of the atmosphere falls under the branch of science known as meteorology.