When a defendant has been careless in a way that harms the interest of the victim or the claimant, this situation results into :

Negligence

The correct answer is Option (4) → Negligence

Negligence occurs when a defendant has been careless in a way that harms the interest of the victim or the claimant. It involves a breach of duty of care, causing foreseeable harm to the plaintiff. This is distinct from intentional torts like trespass, conversion, or battery, which involve deliberate acts.