Which of the following statements are correct about Kerala Model of Planning and Development?

(A) The focus of the Model was on education, health, land reform and poverty alleviation.

(B) Despite having a high per capita income and a strong industrial base, Kerala had high infant and female mortality.

(C) Between 1987 and 1991, the government launched the New Democratic Initiative.

(D) The New Democratic Initiative involved campaigns for direct participation of people in development activities through the IMF and WTO.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A) and (C) only

The correct answer is Option (2) → (A) and (C) only

(A) The focus of the Model was on education, health, land reform and poverty alleviation. (Correct)

(B) Despite having a high per capita income and a strong industrial base, Kerala had high infant and female mortality. (Incorrect). Kerala did not have a high per capita income or a strong industrial base. However, it achieved low infant and female mortality rates through social development.

(C) Between 1987 and 1991, the government launched the New Democratic Initiative. (Correct)

(D) The New Democratic Initiative involved campaigns for direct participation of people in development activities through the IMF and WTO.  (Incorrect). The New Democratic Initiative was a state-level, people-led movement and had no connection with IMF or WTO.

"Decentralised planning:  It is not necessary that all planning always has to be centralised; nor is it that planning is only about big industries and large projects. The ‘Kerala model’ is the name given to the path of planning and development charted by the State of Kerala. There has been a focus in this model on education, health, land reform, effective food distribution, and poverty alleviation. Despite low per capita incomes, and a relatively weak industrial base, Kerala achieved nearly total literacy, long life expectancy, low infant and female mortality, low birth rates and high access to medical care. Between 1987 and 1991, the government launched the New Democratic Initiative which involved campaigns for development (including total literacy especially in science and environment) designed to involve people directly in development activities through voluntary citizens’ organisations. The State has also taken initiative to involve people in making plans at the Panchayat, block and district level."

Note: This question is from Old Pre rationalised NCERT Book.