Match the items in Column-I and Column-II

The correct answer is :

1

The correct answer is option 3. 1.

(A) Isotonic solution: An isotonic solution is a solution that has the same osmotic pressure as another solution at a given temperature. Osmotic pressure refers to the pressure required to prevent the flow of solvent across a semipermeable membrane. In an isotonic solution, the concentration of solute particles is the same as that of another solution, resulting in no net movement of solvent molecules across the membrane (ii).

(B) Hypotonic solution: A hypotonic solution is a solution that has a lower osmotic pressure compared to another solution. This means that the concentration of solute particles in the hypotonic solution is lower than that of the other solution. As a result, water molecules tend to move into the hypotonic solution to equalize the concentration gradient, leading to a net flow of solvent molecules into the cells or the area of higher solute concentration (i).

(C) Hypertonic solution:  A hypertonic solution is a solution that has a higher osmotic pressure compared to another solution. It has a higher concentration of solute particles, resulting in a lower concentration of solvent. When a hypertonic solution is in contact with cells or another solution, water molecules move out of the hypertonic solution, leading to a net flow of solvent molecules out of the cells or the area of lower solute concentration (iv).

(D) Normal solution:  A normal solution is a solution that contains one gram equivalent of solute in one liter of solution. The gram equivalent is a unit of measurement used in analytical chemistry to express the chemical equivalence between different solutes. It is equal to the molecular weight of the solute divided by its valence (iii).