Which of the following are the major types of groups?
(A) Ingroup and Outgroup
(B) Primary Group and Secondary Group
(C) Casual Group and Structured Group
(D) Formal Group and Informal Group
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → (A), (B) and (D) only
The major types of groups are three pairs: primary and secondary groups, formal and informal groups, and ingroup and outgroup.
(A) Ingroup and Outgroup Correct. The ingroup is one’s own group (‘we’); the outgroup is another group (‘they’).
(B) Primary Group and Secondary Group Correct. Primary groups such as family, caste and religion are pre-existing and given to the individual; secondary groups, such as a political party, are joined by choice.
(C) Casual Group and Structured Group Incorrect. There is no such classification. Every group, by definition, has roles and norms that structure its members’ interactions, so ‘structured’ cannot set one type of group against another.
(D) Formal Group and Informal Group Correct. Formal groups have explicitly stated functions and roles, such as an office or a university; the formation of informal groups is not based on rules or laws, and their members share a close relationship.
NCERT (2025-26): “Group Formation … Major types of groups are enumerated below :
“Primary and Secondary Groups … A major difference between primary and secondary groups is that primary groups are pre-existing formations which are usually given to the individual whereas secondary groups are those which the individual joins by choice. Thus, family, caste, and religion are primary groups whereas membership of a political party is an example of a secondary group.…” |