Social relations in rural areas underwent transformations due to Green Revolution. These included:
A. A shift from payment in kind to payment in cash
B. The economic gap between rich farmers and landless labourers was low.
C. The rise of a class of 'free wage labourers.'
D. An increase in the use of agricultural labour as cultivation became more intensive.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 3
The correct answer is Option (3) → A, C, D Only
A. A shift from payment in kind to payment in cash Correct. Agricultural workers, once paid in grain, came to be paid in cash. With rising prices, this shift actually worsened the economic condition of most rural workers.
B. The economic gap between rich farmers and landless labourers was low. Incorrect. The gap widened. The outcome of the Green Revolution was a process of ‘differentiation’, in which the rich grew richer and many of the poor stagnated or grew poorer.
C. The rise of a class of ‘free wage labourers.’ Correct. The traditional, hereditary bonds between landowners and agricultural workers loosened, and a class of ‘free’ wage labourers rose, working for wages instead of under bonded ties.
D. An increase in the use of agricultural labour as cultivation became more intensive. Correct. The new seeds, fertilisers and irrigation made farming more intensive, so more agricultural labour was used, and employment and wages for agricultural workers rose in many areas.
NCERT (2025-26): “4.4 Transformations in Rural Society after Independence … Several profound transformations in the nature of social relations in rural areas took place in the post-Independence period, especially in those regions that underwent the Green Revolution. These included:
“The ultimate outcome of the Green Revolution was a process of ‘differentiation’, in which the rich grew richer and many of the poor stagnated or grew poorer. It should be noted that employment and wages for agricultural workers did increase in many areas, because the demand for labour increased. Moreover, rising prices and a shift in the mode of payment of agricultural workers from payment in kind (grain) to cash, actually worsened the economic condition of most rural workers.…” |