Social relations in rural areas underwent transformations due to Green Revolution. These included:

A. A shift from payment in kind to payment in cash
B. The economic gap between rich farmers and landless labourers was low.
C. The rise of a class of 'free wage labourers.'
D. An increase in the use of agricultural labour as cultivation became more intensive.

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

A, C, D Only

The correct answer is Option (3) → A, C, D Only

• A. A shift from payment in kind to payment in cash: This is a valid consequence of the Green Revolution. As agriculture became more commercialized and market-oriented, the traditional practice of paying farmers with a share of the harvest (payment in kind) gradually shifted towards cash payments.
• B. The economic gap between rich farmers and landless laborers was low: This statement is not a consequence of the Green Revolution. In fact, the Green Revolution is often criticized for widening the gap between rich farmers who could afford the new technology and poor farmers who couldn't, further marginalizing landless laborers.
• C. The rise of a class of 'free wage labourers': This is another valid consequence. Increased use of machinery and commercialization of agriculture meant a decline in the traditional patron-client relationships between landlords and tenants. This led to the emergence of a class of landless agricultural laborers who depended on daily wages for their livelihood.
• D. An increase in the use of agricultural labor as cultivation became more intensive: This statement is also true. While the Green Revolution did require more intensive labor for tasks like applying fertilizers and pesticides.