The correct answer is Option (3) → D, C, A, B
- D. Sanskritisation: This refers to the process of imitating the customs and practices of upper castes by lower castes for social mobility. This concept originated in ancient India.
- C. Westernisation: This refers to the adoption of Western cultural values, institutions, and practices. It intensified during the colonial era (from the 18th century onwards) as European powers influenced their colonies.
- A. Modernisation: This is a broad term encompassing social and economic changes associated with industrialization, urbanization, and technological advancements. It gained momentum globally in the 18th and 19th centuries.
- B. Secularisation: This refers to the decline of the influence of religion in social and political life. It became a significant trend in Europe during the Enlightenment period (17th-18th centuries) and gradually spread to other parts of the world.
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