Orders, memos, circulars, agenda and minutes are forms of ______ communication.
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → formal
Option (1) formal — Correct. Formal communication is all official communication that flows through the channels shown in the organisation chart. It takes the form of orders, memos, circulars, agenda and minutes, and it is generally recorded and filed.
Option (2) grapevine — Incorrect. Grapevine is informal communication. It is usually in the form of rumours and whispers, and it is unofficial and unrecorded.
Option (3) upward — Incorrect. Upward communication flows from a subordinate to a superior, such as a leave application. It is only one direction of formal communication, while orders and circulars usually come from above.
Option (4) horizontal — Incorrect. Horizontal communication takes place between one division and another, such as a production manager talking to a marketing manager. It is also only one direction of formal communication.
NCERT (2026-27 Edition): “Summary … Communication: Communication refers to process of exchange of ideas between or among persons and create understanding. Communication process involves the elements of source, encoding, channel, receiver, decoding and feedback. In organisations, both formal and informal communications simultaneously takes place. Formal communications refers to all official communications in the form of orders, memos, appeals, notes, circulars, agenda, minutes, etc. Apart from formal communications, informal or grapevine communications also exist. Informal communications are usually in the form of rumours, whispers, etc. They are unofficial, spontaneous, unrecorded, spread very fast and usually distorted. …” |