In a population, if there is a larger number of post-reproductive or older individuals and a smaller number of pre-reproductive individuals, what does it indicate about the population?

The population is declining.

The correct answer is (b) declining.

When there is a large number of post-reproductive or older individuals and a lesser number of pre-reproductive individuals in a population, it indicates a declining population. Post-reproductive individuals are those who have passed their reproductive age and are no longer capable of producing offspring. At the same time, the lower number of pre-reproductive individuals suggests a decrease in the younger population that will potentially contribute to future reproduction.

This imbalance in age distribution indicates a decrease in the overall reproductive capacity of the population. With fewer individuals capable of reproduction and a higher proportion of non-reproductive individuals, the population will experience a decline over time. The declining population may be attributed to factors such as low birth rates, high mortality rates, or other environmental and demographic factors.

It is important to note that the age structure of a population can provide valuable insights into its growth trends and demographic patterns. By analyzing the distribution of individuals across different age groups, scientists and policymakers can better understand population dynamics and make informed decisions regarding resource allocation, conservation efforts, and social policies