Match List-I (what happens in therapy) with List-II (behaviour therapy term):
| List-I | List-II |
|---|---|
| (A) Meena, who fears lifts, ranks lift situations from the least to the most frightening and pictures each one, starting from the lowest, while staying relaxed | (I) Modelling |
| (B) A shy boy watches his therapist greet strangers politely, copies it, and is praised for each small improvement | (II) Behavioural analysis |
| (C) A parent praises a child each time he asks politely and pays no attention when he cries and sulks | (III) Systematic desensitisation |
| (D) Before choosing any technique, a therapist studies the client's faulty behaviours and what keeps them going, then combines suitable techniques into a plan | (IV) Differential reinforcement |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 4
The correct answer is Option (4) → A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
| List-I | List-II | Reason |
|---|---|---|
| (A) Meena, who fears lifts, ranks lift situations from the least to the most frightening and pictures each one, starting from the lowest, while staying relaxed | (III) Systematic desensitisation | Ranking feared situations from least to most and imagining each one while relaxed is systematic desensitisation, Wolpe's technique for phobias. The client moves up only while the relaxation holds. |
| (B) A shy boy watches his therapist greet strangers politely, copies it, and is praised for each small improvement | (I) Modelling | Learning a behaviour by watching a role model, with small changes rewarded, is modelling. It works through vicarious learning, that is, learning by observing others. |
| (C) A parent praises a child each time he asks politely and pays no attention when he cries and sulks | (IV) Differential reinforcement | Rewarding the wanted behaviour and ignoring the unwanted one is differential reinforcement. Polite asking goes up while crying and sulking go down. |
| (D) Before choosing any technique, a therapist studies the client's faulty behaviours and what keeps them going, then combines suitable techniques into a plan | (II) Behavioural analysis | Finding the faulty behaviours first and then putting suitable techniques together is behavioural analysis. A correct analysis decides which techniques go into the treatment package. |
NCERT (2026-27): “Behavioural Techniques … “The principle of reciprocal inhibition operates here. This principle states that the presence of two mutually opposing forces at the same time, inhibits the weaker force. Thus, the relaxation response is first built up and mildly anxiety-provoking scene is imagined, and the anxiety is overcome by the relaxation. The client is able to tolerate progressively greater levels of anxiety because of her/ his relaxed state. Modelling is the procedure wherein the client learns to behave in a certain way by observing the behaviour of a role model or the therapist who initially acts as the role model. Vicarious learning, i.e. learning by observing others, is used and through a process of rewarding small changes in the behaviour, the client gradually learns to acquire the behaviour of the model. There is a great variety of techniques” “Activity 5.3” “in behaviour therapy. The skill of the therapist lies in conducting an accurate behavioural analysis and building a treatment package with the appropriate techniques.” “Box 5.2 Unwanted behaviour can be reduced and wanted behaviour can be increased simultaneously through differential reinforcement. Positive reinforcement for the wanted behaviour and negative reinforcement for the unwanted behaviour attempted together may be one such method. The other method is to positively reinforce the wanted behaviour and ignore the unwanted behaviour. The latter method is less painful and equally effective. …” |