Which of the following is a surgical method of contraception used in…

The correct answer is Option (3) → Vasectomy

Surgical methods of contraception are also called sterilisation. They block the transport of gametes and are used as a terminal method, when no more pregnancies are wanted. In the male, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small cut on the scrotum. This is vasectomy. Sperms can then no longer reach the urethra. These methods are highly effective, but they are very hard to reverse.

Option (1) Tubectomy — Incorrect. Tubectomy is also surgical sterilisation, but it is done in the female. A small part of the fallopian tube is removed or tied up.

Option (2) GIFT — Incorrect. GIFT (gamete intra fallopian transfer) is an assisted reproductive technology for infertile couples. An ovum from a donor is placed in the fallopian tube of a woman who cannot produce one. It helps pregnancy, so it is not a contraceptive.

Option (3) Vasectomy — Correct. Vasectomy is the surgical method for males: the vas deferens is cut or tied.

Option (4) ZIFT — Incorrect. ZIFT (zygote intra fallopian transfer) is also an assisted reproductive technology. A zygote or early embryo made by IVF is placed in the fallopian tube. It helps a woman become pregnant.

NCERT Extract:
Population Stabilisation and Birth Control – “… Sterilisation procedure in the male is called ‘vasectomy’ and that in the female, ‘tubectomy’. In vasectomy, a small part of the vas deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum (Figure 3.4a) whereas in tubectomy, a small part of the fallopian tube is removed (Figure 3.4b) or tied up through a small incision in the abdomen or through vagina. These techniques are highly effective but their reversibility is very poor.”

Figure 3.4 (a) Vasectomy