The correct answer is Option (4) → Charles Spearman
Charles Spearman, in his two-factor theory of 1927, used factor analysis to show that intelligence has a general factor (g) and some specific factors (s).
NCERT (2026-27): “THEORIES OF INTELLIGENCE …
In 1927, Charles Spearman proposed a two-factor theory of intelligence employing a statistical method called factor analysis. He showed that intelligence consisted of a general factor (g-factor) and some specific factors (s-factors). The g-factor includes mental operations which are primary and common to all performances. In addition to the g-factor, he said that there are also many specific abilities. These are contained in what he called the s-factor. Excellent singers, architects, scientists, and athletes may be high on g-factor, but in addition to this, they have specific abilities which allow them to excel in their respective domains. …” |
