Read the statements given below and choose the option with the correct ordering of statements.
(A) IT sector was formed
(B) The Government took over Defense and Transport
(C) Jute, Coal and cotton were part of modern industries
(D) People moved to the organized sector.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 1
The correct answer is Option (1) → (C), (B), (D), (A)
Note 1: The given answer is as per the official NTA Answer Key. However, there is nothing in the NCERT book that fixes the full chronological sequence of these statements. The book dates the first modern industries before Independence, the government’s take-over at Independence and the IT sector after the liberalisation of the 1990s, but it gives no date for people moving to the organised sector; placing (D) third is reasoning, not a statement of the book, as explained below.
(C) Jute, Coal and cotton were part of modern industries — this comes first. The first modern industries in India were cotton, jute, coal mines and railways, set up before Independence. Option (1) is the only option that begins with this statement.
(B) The Government took over Defense and Transport — this comes second. At Independence, the government took over the ‘commanding heights of the economy’: defence, transport and communication, power, mining and other projects that only the government could undertake.
(D) People moved to the organized sector. — this comes third. The organised sector consists of all units employing ten or more people throughout the year, registered with the government so that their employees get proper wages, pension and other benefits. Work in such units grew with the industries of independent India, after the government’s take-over of the commanding heights and before the IT sector of the 1990s.
(A) IT sector was formed — this comes last. The growth of the IT sector, described as the ‘knowledge economy’, came with the shift to services and knowledge-based work after the policy of liberalisation followed since the 1990s.
Note 2: The section ‘Industrialisation in the Early Years of Indian Independence’ of the chapter ‘Change and Development in Industrial Society’, which names the first modern industries and the ‘commanding heights of the economy’, was there in the pre-rationalised NCERT, which NTA followed in 2023. This portion has been deleted from the NCERT book (2025-26), though the chapter is still there.
NCERT (2025-26): “Globalisation, Liberalisation and Changes in Indian Industry … Since the 1990s, the government has followed a policy of liberalisation. Private companies, especially foreign firms, are encouraged to invest in sectors earlier reserved for the government, including telecom, civil aviation, power, etc.…” “One important debate in sociology is whether industrialisation and the shift to services and knowledge-based work, like IT, leads to greater skills in society. We often hear the phrase ‘knowledge economy’ to describe the growth of IT sector in India.…” NCERT (Pre-rationalised): “Industrialisation in the Early Years of Indian Independence … The first modern industries in India were cotton, jute, coal mines and railways. At independence, the government took over the ‘commanding heights of the economy.’ This involved defence, transport and communication, power, mining and other projects which only government had the power to do, and which was necessary for private industry also to flourish.…” |