Which of the following examples is used to challenge the view that gender inequality is biologically determined?

The existence of matrilineal societies such as the Nairs and the Khasis.

The correct answer is Option 3: Option 3 – The existence of matrilineal societies such as the Nairs and the Khasis.

If women were biologically unfit to inherit property or head families, matrilineal societies, where women traditionally inherited property and lineage passed through the female line, could not have functioned successfully for centuries. This serves as evidence that gender inequality is socially constructed rather than biologically determined.If biology alone determined such roles, these societies could not have existed for centuries. 

Option 1: Women generally receive a smaller share in family property. This statement is incorrect. This is an example of gender inequality. It does not challenge the view that gender inequality is biologically determined. 

Option 2: Women are underrepresented in positions of public power. This statement is incorrect. This illustrates gender inequality but does not by itself provide evidence against the biological explanation.

Option 4: Men and women have biological and physical differences. This statement is incorrect. Biological differences exist, but they do not explain unequal access to property, power or leadership.