Match List-I (part of the Indian economy at independence) with List-I…

Match List-I (part of the Indian economy at independence) with List-II (its state at that time):

List-I	List-II
(A) Agricultural sector	(I) Oriented to feed the Industrial Revolution in Britain
(B) Industrial sector	(II) Needed upgradation, expansion and public orientation
(C) Foreign trade	(III) Saddled with surplus labour and extremely low productivity
(D) Infrastructure facilities	(IV) Crying for modernisation, diversification and capacity building

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

Answer & explanation

Correct answer: option 3

The correct answer is Option (3) → (A)-(III), (B)-(IV), (C)-(I), (D)-(II)

By 1947, two centuries of colonial rule had left a mark on every part of the economy.

List-I	List-II	Reason
(A) Agricultural sector	(III) Saddled with surplus labour and extremely low productivity	Too many people worked on farms, and output per worker was very low.
(B) Industrial sector	(IV) Crying for modernisation, diversification and capacity building	Industry was small and narrow. It also needed more public investment.
(C) Foreign trade	(I) Oriented to feed the Industrial Revolution in Britain	India sent raw materials to British factories.
(D) Infrastructure facilities	(II) Needed upgradation, expansion and public orientation	Even the railways had been built for colonial interests, not for the people.

NCERT (2026-27): “1.9 Conclusion By the time India won its independence, the impact of the two-century long British colonial rule was already showing on all aspects of the Indian economy. The agricultural sector was already saddled with surplus labour and extremely low productivity. The industrial sector was crying for modernisation, diversification, capacity building and increased public investment. Foreign trade was oriented to feed the Industrial Revolution in Britain. Infrastructure facilities, including the famed railway network, needed upgradation, expansion and public orientation. …”