Practicing Success
The function $f(x)=\frac{x}{1+x \tan x}$ has |
one point of minimum in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$ one point of maximum in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$ no point of maximum, no point of minimum in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$ two points of maxima in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$ |
one point of maximum in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$ |
We have, $f(x) =\frac{x}{1+x \tan x}$ $\Rightarrow f'(x) =\frac{1+x \tan x-x\left(\tan x+x \sec ^2 x\right)}{(1+x \tan x)^2}$ $\Rightarrow f'(x) =\frac{1-x^2 \sec ^2 x}{(1+x \tan x)^2}$ For local maximum or minimum, we must have $f'(x)=0$ $\Rightarrow \frac{1-x^2 \sec ^2 x}{(1+x \tan x)^2}=0 \Rightarrow \cos ^2 x=x^2 \Rightarrow \cos x= \pm x$ $\Rightarrow \cos x=x$ [∵ x and cos x are positive for $x \in(0, \pi / 2)$] In order to find the number of solutions of this equation, let us draw the graphs of the curves $y=\cos x$ and $y=x$ in $(0, \pi / 2$ ). We find that the two curves intersect at one point $(\alpha, \alpha)$ only. ∴ $f'(x)=0 \Rightarrow \cos \alpha=\alpha$ Now, $f'(x)=\frac{1-x^2 \sec ^2 x}{(1+x \tan x)^2}$ $\Rightarrow (1+x \tan x)^2 f'(x)=1-x^2 \sec ^2 x$ $\Rightarrow (1+x \tan x)^2 f''(x)+2(1+x \tan x)\left(x \sec ^2 x+\tan x\right) f'(x) \\ $\Rightarrow (1+\alpha \tan \alpha)^2 f''(\alpha)=-2 \alpha \sec ^2 \alpha-2 \alpha^2 \sec ^2 \alpha \tan \alpha$ $\Rightarrow f''(\alpha)<0$ Therefore, $x=\alpha$ is a point of local maximum Hence, $f(x)$ attains local maximum at one-point in the interval $(0, \pi / 2)$. |