Human beings have used different methods long-distance communications of which the telegraph and the telephone were important. The telegraph was instrumental in the colonisation of the American West. During the early and mid-twentieth century, the American Telegraph and Telephone Company (AT&T) enjoyed a monopoly over U.S.A.’s telephone industry. In fact, the telephone became a critical factor in the urbanisation of America. Firms centralised their functioning at city headquarters and located their branch offices in smaller towns. Even today, the telephone is the most commonly used mode. In developing countries, the use of cell phones, made possible by satellites, is important for rural connectivity. 

Satellite communication is a major achievement in communication service. Which of the following was the first satellite launched by India ?

Aryabhatt

The correct answer is Option 2: Aryabhatt

NCERT: India has achieved great heights in satellite communication system. Aryabhatt was launched on 19 April 1975, Bhaskar-I in 1979 and Rohini in 1980. On 19 June 1981, APPLE (Arian Passenger Payload Experiment) was launched through Arian rocket."