Identify the statements about the last stage of demographic transition theory carefully.
A. Population becomes urbanised and literate
B. Population is either stable or grows slowly
C. Life expectancy is low
D. Both fertility and mortality decline considerably
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Answer & explanation
Correct answer: option 2
The correct answer is Option (2) → A, B, D only
The demographic transition theory tells us that the population of a region changes from high births and high deaths to low births and low deaths. This happens as the society changes from rural, agrarian and illiterate to urban, industrial and literate.
(A) Population becomes urbanised and literate — True. In the last stage the population becomes urbanised and literate and has high technical know-how.
(B) Population is either stable or grows slowly — True. With both births and deaths low, the population is stable or grows slowly.
(C) Life expectancy is low — False. Low life expectancy belongs to the first stage, when both fertility and mortality are high and most people are illiterate.
(D) Both fertility and mortality decline considerably — True. In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably, and people deliberately control the family size.
Note: A similar question was also asked in CUET (UG) 2025 on 14-05-2025 (Slot 2).
NCERT (2026-27): “In the last stage, both fertility and mortality decline considerably. The population is either stable or grows slowly. The population becomes urbanised, literate and has high technical know-how and deliberately controls the family size.” “The first stage has high fertility and high mortality because people reproduce more to compensate for the deaths due to epidemics and variable food supply. … Life expectancy is low, people are mostly illiterate and have low levels of technology.” |