Match List I with List II

Choose the correct answer from the options given below:

(A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)- (IV), (D)-(II)

The correct answer is option 4. (A)-(III), (B)-(I), (C)- (IV), (D)-(II).

Let us break down the explanations for each match in List I and List II:

(A)   Antifreeze used in car engine - (III) Ethylene glycol:

Antifreeze: This is a liquid coolant added to the car's engine cooling system to prevent freezing in cold weather and overheating in hot weather.

Ethylene glycol: This colorless, odorless liquid has a much lower freezing point compared to water. It also has a high boiling point, making it suitable for car engines. When mixed with water in the appropriate ratio, it creates a solution with a freezing point significantly lower than water alone, protecting the engine from freezing damage.

(B) Starting material for picric acid - (I) Phenol:

Picric acid: This yellow crystalline compound is a strong organic acid with historical uses as an explosive material.

Phenol: This is a white crystalline solid with a distinct odor. It's a starting material for the production of picric acid through a nitration process where a nitro group (NO2) is introduced into the phenol ring.

(C) Wood spirit - (IV) Methanol:

Wood spirit: This term was historically used for a crude form of methanol obtained by distilling wood. It's a mixture of various alcohols and other volatile compounds.

Methanol: This is the simplest alcohol with the formula CH3OH. Today, methanol is produced synthetically and is a versatile solvent used in various applications, including cleaning products, antifreeze solutions, and as a fuel source (biodiesel).

(D) By product of soap industry used in cosmetics - (II) Glycerol:

Glycerol: This is a colorless, viscous liquid produced as a byproduct when fats and oils undergo a chemical reaction with an alkali (like lye) to create soap.

Cosmetics: Glycerin is a humectant, meaning it attracts and retains moisture. This property makes it a valuable ingredient in various cosmetic products like lotions, creams, and hair care products to keep the skin and hair hydrated.