Biologically based characteristic way of reacting is known as ____.

The correct answer is Option (3) → Temperament

Several terms are used for behavioural characteristics and are often taken as synonyms of personality, but each has its own meaning.

Option (1) Disposition — Incorrect. Disposition is the tendency of a person to react to a given situation in a particular way. It says how one is inclined to react, not that the way of reacting is biologically based.

Option (2) Character — Incorrect. Character is the pattern of regularly occurring behaviour taken as a whole, the full picture of how a person usually behaves.

Option (3) Temperament — Correct. Temperament is a biologically based characteristic way of reacting. The ancient typologies rest on it: the Ayurvedic vata, pitta and kapha are each a type of temperament.

Option (4) Trait — Incorrect. A trait is a stable, persistent and specific way of behaving, such as honesty or shyness. It describes a consistent behaviour, not its biological basis.