Consider the following passage and answer the following question.
"…The contractors’ men who were travelling to Reni from Joshimath stopped the bus shortly before Reni. Skirting the village, they made for the forest. A small girl who spied the workers with their implements rushed to Gaura Devi, the head of the village Mahila Mandal (Women’s Club). Gaura Devi quickly mobilised the other housewives and went to the forest. Pleading with the labourers not to start felling operations, the women initially met with abuse and threats. When the women refused to budge, the men were eventually forced to retire."

Appiko Movement and Chipko Movement are examples of ________.

Ecological Movements

Appiko Movement and Chipko Movement are examples of Ecological Movements. These movements were primarily focused on environmental conservation and protection of forests.